By Ken Mallows
Most sufferers don't know it, but sleep apnea is an
hereditary disorder. If you have sleep apnea, there's a one-in-four chance that
some of your children will have it, according to Michael Decker, PhD,
Registered Nurse, Registered Respiratory Therapist and Diplomate of the
American Board of Sleep Medicine.
"This is what a lot of people don’t understand.
Sleep apnea is an inherited disorder," says Decker, who is Associate
Professor in the School of Nursing at The Frances Payne Bolton School of
Nursing at Case Western Reserve University. He told Fleet Owner magazine: "Kids with sleep
apnea have reduced academic performance. They don’t do well in school. They can
become hyperactive. I often encourage a person who may have sleep apnea to get
tested. Even if you may not want treatment yourself, your children may have
this disorder, and they need treatment because it’s going to impact the rest of
their life."
He adds that the latest research concludes that
sleep apnea is a neuromuscular disease of the upper airway. Says Decker: "The
part of the brain that controls the upper airway fails to work properly in
people who have sleep apnea. They simply have less strength in their upper
airway muscles. Many people have sleep apnea but the disease may not show itself
unless there’s a trigger. That trigger, for instance, can be a change in weight
or alcohol use."
Decker notes that while many doctors suspect sleep
apnea based with an office visit and a questionnaire, it can only be properly
diagnosed with monitors that check vital signs during sleep like blood oxygen
levels, heart rate, blood pressure, etc. Until these tests are performed,
however, many doctors give their at-risk patients – like truck drivers – a CPAP
machine which can work immediately. "Is it worth putting that person and
others around them at risk for six weeks on the road while a sleep study is
scheduled, or do you go ahead and treat them right away and say you know this
isn’t going to be perfect but it’s going to make you feel a lot better and keep
you alert and possibly alive until we get you into the laboratory? The answer often is 'yes.'"
While CPAP usage is common, it can be uncomfortable
for many patients. "It’s very difficult for people to adapt to CPAP
because it's blowing air into your face; it’s like having a vacuum cleaner
running in reverse connected to a mask attached to your face. It’s very
difficult to breathe against that. So many people are just unable to tolerate
CPAP. They make an honest effort but they’re just not able to adapt to that
high pressure in their face."
Fortunately, there are other remedies including oral
appliances and implanted neurostimulators that 'ping' the upper airway muscles
during sleep much as a heart pacemaker works. "You turn it on when you go
to sleep, perhaps by passing a little magnet over your chest and that turns it
on. They’re very effective. The secret is picking the right patient, because
there are certain people it won’t work in and other for whom it works
exceptionally well."
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